The Brazilian Institute for Ethics and Competition (ETCO) is a non-governmental organisation that works with multinationals and trade associations from the tobacco, alcohol, soft drinks, pharmaceutical, technology and fuel distribution sectors in Brazil. ETCO was co-founded by tobacco companies and receives undisclosed financial contributions from the industry. It lobbies heavily against the Brazilian government’s taxes on cigarettes.
BRAZILIAN Institute for Ethics and Competition (Instituto Brasileiro de Ética Concorrencial). Tobacco Tactics, Inglaterra, 10 fev. 2020. Disponível em: https://tobaccotactics.org/article/brazilian-institute-for-ethics-and-co.... Acesso em: 7 ago. 2023.
A Convenção-Quadro da OMS para o Controle do Tabaco (FCTC) foi: 1 negociada sob a OMS Mandato constitucional; 2 tornando-se a primeira convenção de estrutura moderna com objetivos sobre o campo da Saúde pública, mas também abordando o impacto social, econômico e ambiental do tabaco. Atualmente cobre mais de 90 por cento da população global. É um tratado baseado em evidências abordando tanto o oferta e demanda de produtos de tabaco e reafirma o direito de todas as pessoas ao mais alto padrão de saúde. Ele orienta e informa a agenda global de controle do tabagismo e é um instrumento juridicamente vinculativo.
DECLARAÇÃO da Secretaria da Convenção-Quadro da OMS para o Controle do Tabaco e o Protocolo para Eliminar o Comércio Ilícito de Produtos de Tabaco. Secretariado da Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco, Uganda, 2 jul. 2019.
This essay seeks to describe the efforts made to portray the “reality of smuggling” in Brazil by analyzing the instruments and the strategies of the actors involved in these efforts, such as the Institute for Social and Economic Development of the Borders (IDESF), the National Forum Against Piracy and Illegality (FNCP), the Brazilian Institute for Ethics in Competition (ETCO), and the Brazilian Association for Combating Counterfeiting (ABCF). Smuggling has emerged as a critical topic in the agenda of the antipiracy coalition, and is associated with certain spaces, actors, and dynamics that define its key circuits, both territorially and socially: land borders (especially with Paraguay) traversed by commercial circuits that feed popular markets. By contemplating the actors, performances, instruments, and variables chosen to compose the figures of smuggling, it is possible to appreciate the agenda that is being put forward and the effects on the government and management of those circuits.
RABOSSI, Fernando. Smuggling realities: On numbers, borders, and performances. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, Estados Unidos, v. 8, n. 1-2, p. 265-281, 2018. Disponível em: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/698218. Acesso em: 7 ago. 2023.